‘Lawyers, guns and money’: Colorado railroad wars heat up over Tennessee Pass

Warren Zevon sang it best: “Send lawyers, guns and money,” he bellowed in his hit song of the same title. He might have thrown in “public affairs consultants and politicians” had he been referring to the Colorado railroad wars shaping up over the long-dormant Tennessee Pass Line.

The guns may not be necessary as Colorado Pacific Railroad takes on Colorado Midland Pacific in parallel bids to revamp the long-languishing line that bisects Eagle County, but the lawyers are already making bank, with a big Denver firm set to start billing both Avon and Eagle County.

Money goes without saying, since Colorado Pacific already estimated it will take $278 million to revive the line that last saw trains in 1997, and guns were a huge tactical necessity back in the 1870s when legendary gunslingers Bat Masterson, Doc Holliday and Mysterious Dave Mather were brought in to help “mediate” a dangerous dispute between the Santa Fe and Denver and Rio Grande railroads over the Royal Gorge portion of the line that stretches from Dotsero to Pueblo.

It is not often that RealVail.com relies solely on information provided by Wikipedia, but the online encyclopedia does attribute its historical takes on the Colorado railroad wars to credible book titles, and it’s valuable historical context for a modern-day rail war that has Avon in its crosshairs. After all, there’s a current councilmember who’s directly descended from the famously feisty, homesteading and gunslinging Nottingham clan from the late 19^th century.

There’s a recent Vail Daily article quoting that Nottingham descendant in which there’s a lot of handwringing over real estate and property values along the rail line, which Union Pacific tried to formally abandon but was told no by the federal government in the 1990s. The feds, when it comes to interstate commerce, reportedly do not put a lot of stock in local concerns. Curiously, the Vail Daily story fails to mention Colorado Pacific, which started this whole thing in 2019.

Still, lawyers will lawyer. And some real estate developers in Avon were very aware the railroad could come back to town. The Westin Riverfront hotel has a ski gondola situated very near where a possible passenger train could stop off, and just on the other side of the tracks is the Avon Station bus terminal. Seems like someone had a sense trains might make a comeback.

Another big unanswered (as of yet) question is where Minturn stands on all of this, since it was first mentioned in Denver and Colorado Springs Gazette stories produced by RealVail.com back in November as a possible destination for a daily passenger train from Pueblo. Minturn, careful Real Vail readers might remember, has a UP railyard ripe for base-area development where skiers come down from Vail on the Minturn Mile. Can anyone say, “gondola to Game Creek?”

All of this, of course, is wild speculation. Both companies (or rather all three companies, since Colorado Midland is working with UP) are focused first and foremost on freight and keeping/obtaining control of the line for that primary purpose. Local towns and counties along the line may not have much say in the matter, except in wrangling for passenger service and recreational trail rights of way along the tracks. And the Royal Gorge Route is still a player to this day, given its ownership of that segment of track.

If the feds find there’s enough demand and competitive justification for allowing one railroad company or another to revive the line, they will give the OK, whether it’s oil or grain. Colorado Midland is part of a company, Rio Grande Pacific, that is very invested in oil transport, and that has many folks along the line extremely worried and petitioning hard to derail the effort. Colorado Midland strongly denies this is all about moving oil.

By the end of the month or so, the U.S. Surface and Transportation Board is expected to rule on Colorado’s Midland’s common-carrier application for a “noncontroversial exemption.” Clearly, there’s some controversy, and if the STB rejects the exemption – which is what Colorado Pacific has challenged – the application would have to undergo a full review with public comment. At that point, the STB could require either a full-scale Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), which seems doubtful given the line and its five tunnels have been there for going on 150 years, or a less-demanding environmental assessment. That process would still take a couple of years.

Now here’s a repost, with a focus on greater statewide implications, of a story on the Tennessee Pass Line that RealVail.com produced for the Colorado Times Recorder last week. It was also given a shoutout by Denver Streetsblog.

Colorado Railroad Wars Revived in Battle for Tennessee Pass Line

EAGLEVAIL, Colo. – A pitched battle between private companies is being waged for control of a long-dormant rail line through the heart of the Colorado Rockies – in a flurry of recent federal filings, at least — but the real struggle may be for local hearts and minds along the route.

Being dangled before car-centric Coloradans is the prospect of passenger-rail service from Pueblo to Minturn – an old railroad town off the backside of Vail Mountain – or possibly from Gypsum on Interstate 70 in western Eagle County to Parkdale just west of the Royal Gorge.

Looming even larger in the fight for control of the approximately 200-mile Tennessee Pass Line, currently owned by Union Pacific, is how it fits into the state’s plans for expanding passenger rail service across Colorado and whether the incoming Biden administration will be more amenable to facilitating commuter lines than the outgoing Trump administration.

On New Year’s Eve, Colorado, Midland & Pacific Railway Company, a subsidiary of Texas-based Rio Grande Pacific, formalized what had first been reported on RealVail.com as pending – that it had a deal with Union Pacific to carry passengers and freight on the Tennessee Pass Line.

Two days later, Hayden Soloviev, vice chairman of New York-based Solow Building Company and Crossroads Agriculture – the parent companies of rival Colorado Pacific Railroad – fired off a press release challenging the UP-Rio Grande Pacific deal for maintaining UP’s “monopoly stranglehold’ on freight rail in Colorado. Colorado Pacific formalized that challenge on Friday.

Colorado Pacific, which took over the 120-mile Towner Line in southeast Colorado via a federally mandated sale in 2017, has been trying to acquire the Tennessee Pass Line for more than a year to ship its Colorado and Kansas grain and hemp harvests directly to West Coast markets. The company this fall also offered daily passenger service from Pueblo to Minturn.

UP had been keeping Colorado Pacific at bay during its negotiations with Rio Grande Pacific, which is also working on a rail project in Utah aimed at transporting heavy oil from that state to the Gulf Coast, possibly through Colorado. On Friday, RGP pushed back hard on a report that its Tennessee Pass Line deal is all about moving oil by rail in the Eagle and Arkansas River valleys.

“We are concerned about a false rumor that has been propagated about the Tennessee Pass Rail Line,” Rio Grande’s Colorado, Midland & Pacific (CMP) liaison Sara Thompson Cassidy said in an email statement. “Any speculation scenarios or misinformation about oil or other commodities moving on the Tennessee Pass is simply rumor, conjecture and assumption. CMP has no plan whatsoever to operate oil trains on Tennessee Pass.”

Citing a history of derailments and toxic spills on the line when freight trains still rumbled through before 1997, Chaffee County commissioners have alternately expressed a desire to see the line remain inactive or a preference for Soloviev’s grain over Rio Grande’s oil if the feds insist on allowing freight service to resume.

UP tried to abandon the Tennessee Pass Line when it merged with Southern Pacific in 1996 to become the largest railroad company in the United States, but the U.S. Surface Transportation Board (STB) rejected that move, and instead, UP made the line inactive in favor of its Moffat Tunnel Line, where trains rumble from Denver through Gilpin County and into Grand County before descending along the upper reaches of the Colorado River into western Eagle County. From there the line goes west through Glenwood Canyon, Utah and on to California’s Bay Area.

Billionaire Stefan Soloviev’s Colorado Pacific Railroad recognizes the trepidation of residents of Chaffee and Eagle County, offering the public benefit of passenger rail and recreational trails along its tracks if it’s able to take over the line from UP, which it offered $10 million for in 2019.

If Soloviev can’t get the line with his “use it or lose it” approach to UP, he’ll have to go north to Denver and then west through the Moffat Tunnel, paying UP’s rates. His first offer to UP went nowhere, and a subsequent $8 million bid for a forced sale was then denied “without prejudice” by the STB, meaning Soloviev can file again showing “public convenience and necessity.” 

But first Colorado Pacific has to fend off the UP-RGP deal, which was filed as a petition for exemption on Friday, Dec. 31. It takes effect within 30 days unless the STB delays or rejects it.

Colorado Pacific has previously estimated the cost of refurbishing the Tennessee Pass Line at $278 million, and that’s before adding in the cost of year-round, daily, roundtrip passenger service from Pueblo to Minturn – a scenario that would also have to include a deal with the Royal Gorge Route Railroad, a scenic tourist line through the spectacular Arkansas River canyon, and  Rock & Rail, a freight carrier with rights to operate to Pueblo.

Besides moving grain, Colorado Pacific – in a letter last fall to Colorado Department of Transportation Division of Transit & Rail Director David Krutsinger – targeted potential freight customers in the Pueblo-area companies of Evraz, Vestas, Vossloh and Martin Marietta, citing the higher clearance of the five tunnels on the Tennessee Pass Line compared to the three dozen tunnels on the Moffat Tunnel Line.

In the letter, Colorado Pacific attorney William Osborn pointed out that “UP’s 99-year lease on the tunnel expires in 2025, so its future is uncertain. With a length of 6.2 miles, it is one of the longest rail tunnels in North America, and operations have been problematic.”

That’s a reference to 2018 Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment cease and desist, cleanup and violation orders for wastewater discharge seeping out of the Moffat Tunnel and into the Fraser River to the west and Boulder Creek to the east. The company was hit with a $140,000 fine and a compliance order on consent in 2019.

Asked if the looming expiration of UP’s lease on the state-owned Moffat Tunnel or the recent wastewater issues was in anyway influencing the company’s thinking on reviving the Tennessee Pass Line, UP spokeswoman Raquel Espinoza replied simply, “The Moffat Tunnel does not impact plans for the Tennessee Pass Line. You are correct that our lease expires in 2025.”

The Moffat Tunnel is located at the base of Winter Park Resort, which jointly runs the popular Winter Park Express Ski Train with Amtrak, although it’s on hold this winter due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The tunnel still sees daily Amtrak service from Chicago to San Francisco on the California Zephyr route.

The Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) is currently focused on a plan for passenger rail service from Fort Collins to Pueblo, as well as efforts to connect Amtrak’s Southwest Chief, which cuts through a remote corner of southeastern Colorado on its way from Chicago to Los Angeles, to Pueblo and then on to Denver.

Asked if the revival of passenger service on the Tennessee Pass Line could bolster those efforts, a CDOT spokesman said the state agency isn’t commenting on an issue that’s “between two private parties” and currently doesn’t involve any state resources.

Pressed on whether the state is simply more focused on easing car traffic along north-south Interstate 25 and the state’s Front Range, where 80% of the population resides, than taking pressure off the east-west I-70 corridor into the mountain, the spokesman replied:

“CDOT will want to engage with the new railroad partner and local governments to assess the feasibility of rail passenger operations as compared to current bus operations. This is consistent with the longstanding governance framework for the I-70 corridor known as the I-70 Collaborative Effort.”

CDOT currently operates the popular Bustang service into the mountains, but the spokesman acknowledged passenger rail from western Eagle County southeast over Tennessee Pass to Leadville could better connect lower-cost workforce housing to ski areas such as Vail and Beaver Creek.

“There are basic commuter markets to consider such as Leadville to Vail/Avon and Eagle to Vail/Avon, which would get employees in lower-cost housing areas to resort area jobs,” he said. “There are also potentially unserved markets from Eagle County Regional Airport (ECRA) to consider as a higher-quality ‘guest’ experience from out-of-state, and international visitors.”

The ECRA is one of the state’s busier airports during the winter months, serving national and international tourists headed to Vail and Aspen. Eagle County officials have said that if freight is going to start rolling along the long-dormant line anyway, delivering all of its noise and traffic impacts, they would also like to see the benefits of passenger service and recreational trails.

Both the inactive Tennessee Pass Line and the active Moffat Tunnel Line converge at Dotsero, a low-income and workforce housing community along I-70 and the Colorado River in far western Eagle County near the eastern mouth of Glenwood Canyon. UP keeps the short stretch of Tennessee Pass Line track between Dotsero and Sage (just north of the airport) active in order to service the American Gypsum wallboard plant in the town of Gypsum.

Soloviev is also trying to secure trackage rights at either end of the Tennessee Pass Line so he can keep moving his freight west on UP tracks through western Colorado. In a November phone interview with RealVail.com, he said he thinks Colorado Democrats such as newly elected Sen. John Hickenlooper will be supportive of expanding the state’s freight and passenger options. He also thinks the incoming Biden administration is more open to putting federal dollars into rail.

“100% true; they are,” Stefan Soloviev said. “You can see that with the renewable energy plan. You could see that with the amount of wind turbines that are going to be going up in the next four to four to six to eight years out there. Why wouldn’t the Biden administration support a clean air way of moving people around and also a shortcut in grain traffic around the Moffat Tunnel?”

By contrast, the scope of the UP-Rio Grande Pacific (Colorado Midland Pacific) deal appears to be much more limited, with the rail company that also runs a publicly funded commuter line in Texas offering to help Colorado mountain communities find funding for the project.

“CMP has an agreement for a portion of the Tennessee Pass only — that is from Sage to Parkdale,” Cassidy wrote. “CMP seeks to explore and develop commuter/passenger rail and local freight opportunities within that 160-mile corridor, and we wish to do so in coordination and consultation with communities and planning agencies in the area.”

State Sen. Kerry Donovan, a Vail Democrat who grew up in Eagle County and remembers when freight trains used to traverse the Eagle River Valley, has her doubts about reviving service.

“It would be tough for communities that have now gone two decades without rail through their community,” Donovan said. “The infrastructure is there, and the right of way still exists, so I don’t think anyone should have been under the assumption that rail was never coming back.”

If freight is inevitable, however, she agrees it would be good to get passenger service.

“I would probably push it to be more of a local commuter train than really [a ski train],” Donovan said. “I don’t anticipate the ridership being there for a ski train that would take longer than it is to drive, and now that we have Bustang, the market isn’t there yet. But I could see a really amazing opportunity for commuter rail that runs the length of the valley…”

Donovan also acknowledged increased freight rail service is more environmentally friendly than increased truck traffic on I-70, which wreaks havoc with skier traffic in the winters.

“Pound for pound, it’s a better way to transport stuff, just because you can do more with less,” Donovan said. “Does it have a measurable impact on I-70? I doubt it, because they’re negating adding trucks. They’re not taking away existing trucks.”

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David O. Williams

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David O. Williams is the editor and co-founder of RealVail.com and has had his awarding-winning work (see About Us) published in more than 75 newspapers and magazines around the world, including 5280 Magazine, American Way Magazine (American Airlines), the Anchorage Daily News (Alaska), the Anchorage Daily Press (Alaska), Aspen Daily News, Aspen Journalism, the Aspen Times, Beaver Creek Magazine, the Boulder Daily Camera, the Casper Star Tribune (Wyoming), the Chicago Tribune, Colorado Central Magazine, the Colorado Independent (formerly Colorado Confidential), Colorado Newsline, Colorado Politics (formerly the Colorado Statesman), Colorado Public News, the Colorado Springs Gazette, the Colorado Springs Independent, the Colorado Statesman (now Colorado Politics), the Colorado Times Recorder, the Cortez Journal, the Craig Daily Press, the Curry Coastal Pilot (Oregon), the Daily Trail (Vail), the Del Norte Triplicate (California), the Denver Daily News, the Denver Gazette, the Denver Post, the Durango Herald, the Eagle Valley Enterprise, the Eastside Journal (Bellevue, Washington), ESPN.com, Explore Big Sky (Mont.), the Fort Morgan Times (Colorado), the Glenwood Springs Post-Independent, the Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, the Greeley Tribune, the Huffington Post, the King County Journal (Seattle, Washington), the Kingman Daily Miner (Arizona), KUNC.org (northern Colorado), LA Weekly, the Las Vegas Sun, the Leadville Herald-Democrat, the London Daily Mirror, the Moab Times Independent (Utah), the Montgomery Journal (Maryland), the Montrose Daily Press, The New York Times, the Parent’s Handbook, Peaks Magazine (now Epic Life), People Magazine, Powder Magazine, the Pueblo Chieftain, PT Magazine, the Rio Blanco Herald Times (Colorado), Rocky Mountain Golf Magazine, the Rocky Mountain News, RouteFifty.com (formerly Government Executive State and Local), the Salt Lake Tribune, SKI Magazine, Ski Area Management, SKIING Magazine, the Sky-Hi News, the Steamboat Pilot & Today, the Sterling Journal Advocate (Colorado), the Summit Daily News, United Hemispheres (United Airlines), Vail/Beaver Creek Magazine, Vail en Español, Vail Health Magazine, Vail Valley Magazine, the Vail Daily, the Vail Trail, Westword (Denver), Writers on the Range and the Wyoming Tribune Eagle. Williams is also the founder, publisher and editor of RealVail.com and RockyMountainPost.com.

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